ASP.NET Web PDF Document Viewer/Editor Control Library

We ve examined how all of the work you do while an ASP .NET page is processing is stored as state of control objects in the control tree. We ve also examined how no markup is committed to the output stream until after all of your code has executed, most specifically, after the PreRenderComplete event fires. But what about data binding Surely when the DataBind method is called, the bound control generates HTML that s committed to the output stream right away, doesn t it The answer is most definitely no. Data binding is no exception to the rule. When DataBind is called, the control doing the binding generates any number of instances of objects that it stores in its own collection. List controls generate ListItem objects. The DataGrid generates DataGridItem objects. Each data bound control has its own type that it uses to represent an individual row in what eventually will become the HTML output stream. Because these collections of items are a contained collection of the bound control, the binding operation is really state information stored in the control tree. When Render is called on the bound control, the control iterates over the objects in its particular item collection, transforming each into HTML. The DropDownList generates option tags. The DataGrid generates table rows, and so on.

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COM interoperability is an important area of interoperability in F#, but it is limited to Windows and to the Microsoft implementation of the ECMA and ISO standards of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI). The CLI standard, however, devises a standard mechanism for interoperability that is called Platform Invoke (PInvoke to friends), and it is a core feature of the standard available on all CLI implementations, including Mono. The basic model underlying PInvoke is based on loading dynamic linking libraries into the program, which allows managed code to invoke exported functions. Dynamic linking libraries do not provide information other than the entry point location of a function; this is not enough to perform the invocation unless additional information is made available to the runtime. The invocation of a function requires the following: The address of the code in memory The calling convention, which is how parameters, return values, and other information is passed through the stack to the function Marshalling of values and pointers so that the different runtime support can operate consistently on the same values The address of the entry point is obtained using a system call that returns the pointer to the function given a string. The remaining information must be provided by the programmer to instruct the CLR about how the function pointer should be used.

In a client/server application (such as a stand-alone Java application communicating directly to the database), a user has a dedicated, direct connection to the database for the entire duration of his interaction, as illustrated in Figure 14-2. Think of this as a phone connection that is dedicated to the two people talking to each other.

Figure 14-2. In a client/server architecture, each end user has a dedicated database connection corresponding to a database user account. As shown in Figure 14-2, the end user Tony Davis authenticates himself using the database account tdavis. Once authenticated, Tony remains connected to the database for the entire duration of his interaction with the application. This has the following implications on the security and performance of the application Tony is using: Security: In terms of security, the database simply identifies Tony once in the beginning. As long as the dedicated network connection from Tony s client machine to the database server is secure, this is a safe approach.

Function and method calls (a method call is similar to a function call but with an additional pointer referring to the object passed to the method) are performed by using a shared stack between the caller and the callee. An activation record is pushed onto the stack when the function is called, and memory is allocated for arguments, the return value, and local variables. Additional information is also stored in the activation record, such as information about exception handling and the return address when the execution of the function terminates. The physical structure of the activation record is established by the compiler (or by the JIT in the case of the CLR), and this knowledge must be shared between the caller and the called function. When the binary code is generated by a compiler, this is not an issue, but when code generated by different compilers must interact, it may become a significant issue. Although each compiler may adopt a different convention, the need to perform